This paper provides a comprehensive survey on pioneer and state-of-the-art 3D scene geometry estimation methodologies based on single, two, or multiple images captured under omnidirectional optics. The methodology developed has demonstrated its viability for performing multi-temporal studies in order to document the evolution of the excavation, providing a wide and reliable set of geomatic products. In addition, a reduced time was demanded for the acquisition of data. The main goal of this study was to model the evolution of these works using several geomatic techniques and obtaining several 3D models of the terrain and burial elements to document the previous, intermediate and final status and to analyse the archaeological works undertaken. The archaeological works were carried out during two periods (20 campaigns). Thanks to the particular geology of this zone, with a fracture that caused the collapse of part of the rocks, much of these tombs have remained intact because the remains of the collapsed terrain hid their entrances. The area of study is situated on a horizontal platform of the terrain of about 300 m2. The QH34 zone concentrates a great quantity of tombs from several periods of ancient Egypt. The necropolis is composed of tens of rock-cut tombs located in a medium-size hill situated on a bank of the Nile River. More concretely, the study was performed in the exterior zone of the QH34 set of tombs located in the necropolis of Qubbet el-Hawa (Aswan, Egypt). This study describes the methodology carried out and the main results achieved when using photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) to obtain 3D models of the evolution of archaeological works in Egyptian tombs. 2013 Ortiz et al., 2013 Blockley, Morandi, 2015 Martínez et al., 2015 Pérez et al., 2019 Mozas-Calvache et al., 2019) to lift cameras supposes a useful alternative to photographs acquired from the ground because of the improvement of the coverage of the object (usually on the terrain) and the reduction of the occlusions (e.g. The use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) (Colomina, Molina, 2014 Nex, Remondino, 2014 Campana, 2017) and masts (Georgopoulos, 1999 Mozas-Calvache et al., 2012 Martínez et al. 2020 Bertellini et al., 2019) were implemented in order to reduce the quantity of images needed to cover the object. 2017 Barazzetti et al., 2017b) and 360 degrees cameras (Pérez-Ramos, Robleda-Prieto, 2016 Kossieris et al., 2017 Mandelli et al., 2017 Barazzetti et al., 2017a Fangi et al., 2018 Cantatore et al. So some alternative procedures, such as the use of wide angle lens (Gómez-Lahoz, González-Aguilera, 2009 Mozas et al., 2012 Martínez et al., 2013 Fiorillo et al., 2016), fisheye lens (Boulianne et al., 1997 Kedzierski, Waczykowski, 2007 Georgantas et al., 2012 Covas et al., 2015 Perfetti et al. In addition, the presence of narrow spaces or occlusions could increase the quantity of photographs needed to cover the structure using normal focal lenses mounted in non-metric cameras. A calibration aimed at understanding the intrinsic parameters of the two lenses camera, as well as their relative orientation, allowed one to generate new equirectangular projections from which a significant improvement of geometric accuracy has been achieved. As results were in contrast with the accuracy achieved by using the original fisheye images (front and rear facing images) in photogrammetric reconstructions, an alternative solution to generate the equirectangular projections was developed.
#Samsung gear vr photo viewer software
Results demonstrate that the direct use of the projection generated inside the mobile phone or with Gear 360 Action Direction (the desktop software for post-processing) have a relatively low metric accuracy. The aim of this work is to test the metric accuracy and the level of detail achievable with the Samsung Gear 360 coupled with digital modelling techniques based on photogrammetry/computer vision algorithms.
The Samsung Gear 360 is a consumer grade spherical camera able to capture photos and videos.